![]() ![]() LTPH1 provides 12 on-ice periods over a six-week span to introduce a skater to hockey skating skills, basic puckhandling, passing and shooting exercises and mini-scrimmages. LEARN TO PLAY HOCKEY (LTPH) PROGRAM Detailed information, session dates, fees and prerequisites, and registration procedures for the two courses described briefly below are available at. The Iceplex will provide, on a loan basis, all the non-personal gear necessary to take to the ice. The programs highlighted below are described in detail and registration is available at: TRY HOCKEY FOR FREEĭoes your child have a basic ability to ice skate and wish to see if hockey is for him/her? The Try Hockey for Free Program at the Haymarket Iceplex is totally free of cost and provides the opportunity to satisfy his/her curiosity and gain the confidence necessary to begin participation in an exciting sport. ![]() Parents/families looking to satisfy their curiosity and gain hands-on insight into the challenging and fun sport of hockey can have their skater take to the ice in full hockey gear without having to make an investment in buying the equipment. These programs are tailored to prepare graduates for direct entry into the Piedmont Predator house/recreational programs and for potential growth into Predator Travel-level competition. In addition to its many Learn to Skate programs for the various ages, the Haymarket Iceplex offers on a recurring basis introductory-level programs for prospective hockey players. PIEDMONT HOCKEY CLUB RECREATIONAL YOUTH HOCKEYįROM THE BEGINNING - INTRODUCTORY HOCKEY PROGRAMS AT THE HAYMARKET ICEPLEX ![]()
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![]() ![]() There is also a window that lets in ambient light. The open shelving, the pendant lights - all make the room appear brighter and bigger. ![]() Even the pedestal sink effectively unclutters floor space. This narrow bathroom is a classic example. If you have the right design in mind, you can successfully optimize space to incorporate both a tub and a shower in a small space. Totally in keeping with the overall look. We like the iron ladder that holds the towels and the hexagonal tiled walls. Go for a rectangular concrete sink with an extra-large mirror. And accessorize with industrial-style raw iron accents. Be open to experimentation - opt for an industrial bathroom. Feature lots of raw materials in the design. Want your small bathroom to stand out? Think different. If you are looking for more storage, don’t forget under the sink and even the back of the door which is a great place to add towel bars or robe hooks. It gives a neat and light look to your tiny bathroom - effortlessly hiding the toilet from a direct view from the entry door. We suggest you opt for open, tall shelving next to the sink or at the end of a tub that will take care of your basic items. While there may not be enough space on the floor, you can always make it vertical. So, what if you have a small bathroom? There is no need to sacrifice storage. Since the pattern is only on one wall, the design is interesting without being overwhelming. ![]() It will effectively add depth to the room and is a great way to add some color too. You can add color to the whole wall or just a band of color. The ideal place for such a wall is on the back wall. Accent wallĪdding an accent wall is one of the most interesting small bathroom ideas. It is just as strong as a traditional one and is available in different shapes and sizes on the market. Look for narrow washbasin designs and the latest thin-edge sinks. And, you can add a little bit of storage space too. Wall-mounted sink and vanityĪs with wall-mounted toilets, wall-mounted sinks and vanity are an excellent way to save floor space and to make your small bathroom appear roomier. An added advantage of curbless showers - they are easier to clean too. You can even incorporate a concealed or infinity-edge shower drain for a totally seamless look. Since there is no visual blockage to your shower area, the space looks roomy.Īnd, if you can manage to bring in a window - a large one at that - your bathroom will be airy too. The best materials would be concrete, tile, or stone slabs. Let the flooring continue right into the shower. The first thing you must do in a narrow bathroom is to eliminate the curb around your shower. ![]() ![]() ![]() Or a colorful selection of travel trinkets you picked up along the way. A Djembe arranged with a piece of driftwood pulled from the mighty Mississippi that kind of looks like Jim Carrey. Things like a Turkish coffee pot, perched atop a stack of travel manuals. A special place for keepsakes, framed pictures, and prized souvenirs. The more adventurous among us might opt to create a shrine to their most cherished travel memories. Browse a wide selection of rustic outdoor side table designs on Houzz, including folding and wicker side table designs to complete your outdoor furniture. ![]() ![]() When styling console tables it can be helpful to first pick a theme, so you can be sure the pieces and decorations you choose will come together in a cohesive look. So it’s important to pay attention to what this piece says about you. When used in the foyer, Article's modern cart or console table serves as a warm welcome. Shop our large collection of Amish-made weather-resistant and eco-friendly outdoor accent tables including patio coffee tables and custom outdoor side. Shallow enough to fit into the most unassuming of spaces, yet sturdy enough to prop up your treasured assortment of hand-carved statuettes or your vintage pet rock collection, a carefully selected console suggests great taste while also keeping you organized. While some might see a console as nothing more than a convenient spot to drop their keys as they burst through the front door after a long day, we think of well-styled contemporary consoles as markers of effortless urbanity. 10/20pcs Wood Name Place Card Holders Wedding Photo Clip Home Party Table Decor. 166.66 Original Price 166.66 (30 off) Add to Favorites. Definitely a close second if we’re being honest. Natural Edge Cedar Wood Tree Stump Indoor/Outdoor Stool, Garden Bench, Night Stand, End Table, Plant Stand - L20 x W11 x H17. And we also wouldn’t fault you for thinking along the lines of, say, “versatile”. The top is made of wood, and the legs are hairpins. Its design is very intricate and will add that special touch to your home’s decor. This rustic end table is a one-of-a-kind piece of furniture. Order today from B&M.īrowse our complete collection of living room furniture online, and shop side tables in stores at B&M.If there is one word that comes to mind when describing Article's amid-century modern consoles and carts, it would be “considered”. This DIY Rustic End Table is easy to make and can be a great addition to your home decor. From simple small oak side tables to affordable nested oak side tables, you can find the perfect set of side tables to complement your living room. Oak Side Tablesįind a range of oak side tables at B&M Stores. end in the ' griffin's ' mouth and is supported at the other end on the. From small round tables to nested round tables, we've got so many to choose from at B&M. animal forms, the garden boasts an outdoor fireplace, a dining table with. Round side tables are a great way to add a modern touch to your living room. Acacia Wood Table Top, Rustic Iron Hairpin Legs, Teak Finish, Metal. Urban Designs Industrial Porthole Metal Round Clock Coffee and End Table by Urban Designs, Casa Cortes (118) SALE. Harbor Side Table, Natural Seagrass With Tempered Glass Top by Jamie Young Company. Solid Square Drum-Shaped Wood Side Table Reclaimed Wood Coffee Table,14' x 14' x 20' H Vintage Stool Accent Rustic Plant Stand Outdoor End Table for Living Room Patio Bedroom Multicolored Drum. 2 Pack Indoor Outdoor Side Tables, Weather Resistant Metal Patio Side Table, Small Round Outdoor End Table Side Table for Patio Yard Porch Balcony Garden Bedside, Plant Stand for Indoor Outdoor. Coast To Coast Imports Islander Multicolor Two Drawer Accent Table by Coast to Coast Imports, LLC (33) SALE. Our Urban Paradise Magazine rack has both a traditional magazine rack, meaning that your magazines can be within easy reach, but it also has a small table above – great for holding drinks when engrossed in a great article! Round Side Tables Rustic Azalea Tree Stump/Root End Table Unique Wood Root Log Side Table Reclaimed Primitive Tree Trunk Corner Accent. We’ve got a great set of magazine racks available. Rustic Round Side Table with 2 Shelves, Small End Table for Living Room, Bedroom, Compact Table with Steel Frame, Outdoor-Friendly Design (1) Sale Price £74.85 £ 74. Order a beautiful side table from B&M today. Whether you are looking for some new furniture to complement your living room’s décor or are looking to add some additional storage space in your home, B&M’s wide range of side tables come in a variety of sizes, designs, and finishes. ![]() ![]() ![]() Tracker is able to track down anything using his advanced hearing. He is a sea-faring rescue pup.Įverest the husky pup is used for to help people trapped in the snow rescue pup. Zuma, a labrador who drives a hovercraft that converts into a submarine. He is the geek of the group and is able to reuse and recycle objects to make into items for rescue purposes. Rocky, a mixed breed pup who drives a recycling truck. As part of the team Rubbles drives a bulldozer, helpful for clean up for major construction sites and disasters. His first mission was to rescue Jake who had been trapped under rocks. As a younger pup he didn’t have a family and was brought into Ryders home when Chase rescued him. Rubble, an English bulldog who drives a bulldozer, wears yellow and is terrified of spiders. He has an x-ray machine to detect broken bones The long ladder on his fire truck is used for rescues when people are trapped up high and he’s also like the doctor of the gang. Marshall is an important team member as the fire marshall, a Dalmation who puts out fires. ![]() She can use the grappling hook attached to her helicopter to rescue people who may be trapped up high. Skye is second in command, and she is a cockapoo who flies a helicopter, helping to see missions from the air so she can report what she can see. The other pups take direction from him, and as he says, “Chase is on the case!” They are: Chase, who was Ryder’s first pup, a natural leader dresses in his blue police uniform with the 3 chevrons in yellow designating him as holding the rank of Sergeant. There are eight main characters and each one has special skills and equipment. □ How to draw Marcus from Paw Patrol step by step easy for kids ? They are heroes but not superheroes.Ĭatchphrases: “no job too big, no pup too small”, “we’ll be there on the double”. Type: suitable for both girls and boys between 3-6. It is a very popular tv cartoon show and is in production for its sixth season. They help people and animals who get in trouble. Coloring together is a great way to connect with your children, develop vocabulary skills, develop fine motor coordination and have fun.Ī team of eight dogs who work for in emergency rescues, based in a town called Adventure Bay. We are always adding more pages for you so you will have hours of fun with your children. Let them enjoy re-creating some of wonderful rescue adventures of these heroic and funny pups. You can download our wonderful coloring pages for your children. ![]() ![]() ![]() Schwartz agreed that allowing tastings and similar events is a big improvement. When they were written, craft beer wasn’t as popular as it is today.” “Honestly, I think it’s a great thing,” he said. The new law’s “big bullet point” for Joe Brumley, owner of HBYOB – that’s “Home Brew Your Own Beer” – on North Springboro Pike in Dayton, is allowing homebrewed beer tastings at businesses like his. Your use of this site does not create an attorney-client relationship with us, and we ask that you not send us any confidential information, by email or otherwise, without first obtaining the consent of one of our attorneys.Explore Wright State alumni turn dream into reality with craft brewery The views set forth on our website or in our mailings are the personal views of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of KJK. The mailing of our publications is not intended to create, and receipt of them does not constitute, an attorney-client relationship. To request reprint permission for any of our publications, please use the “Contact Us” form located on this website. KJK publications may not be quoted or referred without our prior written consent. Nothing on our website should be construed as legal advice for any specific situation or circumstance. The material available on this site, including KJK publications, is not legal advice and is intended for general information purposes only. KJK uses cookies to ensure we provide an optimized experience for visitors to our website. This website provides general information about Kohrman Jackson & Krantz LLP (KJK) for the convenience of visitors to our site. We will continue to monitor developments and provide updates as they happen. If you have questions about complying with Ohio liquor laws or how these new updates can impact you or your business, reach out to Jeffrey Vaisa at or 216.736.7287. Restrictions on advertising to persons under the age of 21 still apply, as well as other restrictions in state and federal alcohol advertising laws. Ohio’s update law clarifies that alcohol distributors, manufacturers, trade marketing professionals, solicitors and other salespersons can use free social media services to advertise on-premises brand promotions, beer, wine or liquor tastings, and product location communications. Social media’s influence is still ever increasing and allows businesses many free opportunities to promote their businesses. Bear in mind that the legal age to allow service of wine and spirits from across a bar has not changed and is still 21. The past law set the age limit to 19 years old and older. Eighteen-year-old individuals can now handle, sell and serve alcohol as waiters and waitresses in hotels, bars and restaurants. Staffing shortages have been an issue nationwide, and this new law expands potential employees for businesses in Ohio. Lower Age Limit to Handle, Sell and Serve Alcohol The new law also simplifies communities’ population guidelines to create a DORA. The updated DORA law increases opportunities for bars, restaurants and breweries by increasing the size of a DORA location and increasing the number of DORAs allowed in a community. Designated Outdoor Refreshment Areas, or DORA, are outdoor areas where patrons can purchase and enjoy alcoholic beverages exempt from certain Ohio open-container laws. Outdoor activities increased with COVID-19, and communities sought more outdoor opportunities for local bars and restaurants. Designated Outdoor Refreshment Areas (DORA) Update These events are subject to certain restrictions, such as that the sale of homemade beer and wine is still prohibited without a permit. These events can even be held at small breweries, wineries and micro distilleries. The new law also allows homebrewing enthusiasts to serve homemade beer and wine without a permit at tasting events on private property. The law does place limits on the amount of beer a home brewer can make each year. The new law recognizes this growing hobby and clarifies that it is legal for persons to brew their own beer and make their own wine without a permit for personal consumption. ![]() Federal law allowed for homebrewing, but Ohio law had previously been silent on this issue. Homebrewers can now rest assured that homebrewing beer without a permit is legal. We at KJK have included highlights below. The new laws are effective March 23, 2022. ![]() Ohio recently updated its liquor laws when Governor Mike DeWine signed Senate Bill 102. ![]() ![]() ![]() The fictional secret agent James Bond used a Walther PPK in many of the novels and films: Ian Fleming's choice of Bond's weapon directly influenced the popularity and notoriety of the PPK. A PPK carried by Princess Anne's personal police officer James Beaton infamously jammed during a kidnapping attempt on the princess and her husband. 32 (gun number 159270) was used by Kim Jae-gyu to kill South Korean leader Park Chung-hee. 32 ACP/7.65mm) in the Führerbunker in Berlin. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler committed suicide with his PPK (. ![]() While the K is often mistakenly assumed to stand for kurz (German for "short"), as the variant has a shorter barrel and frame, Walther used the name "Kriminal" in early advertising brochures and the 1937 GECO German catalog. "PPK" is an abbreviation for Polizeipistole Kriminal (literally "police pistol criminal"), referring to the Kriminalamt crime investigation office. The smaller size made it more concealable than the original PP and hence better suited to plain-clothes or undercover work. A new, two-piece wrap-around grip panel construction was used to conceal the exposed back strap. The most common variant is the Walther PPK, a smaller version of the PP with a shorter grip, barrel and frame, and reduced magazine capacity. With the slide removed the blowback spring around the barrel is free and can be removed as well. The trigger guard is hinged by pulling the trigger guard downwards, the slide can be drawn backwards past the normal stopping point, lifted clear of the slide rail, and then guided back forward to clear the barrel. Īll members of the PP series share a common takedown procedure. The PP was designed with several safety features, some of them innovative, including an automatic hammer block, a combination safety/decocker and a loaded chamber indicator. The semi-automatic pistol operated using a simple blowback action. It was designed for police use and was used by police forces in Europe in the 1930s and later. ![]() During World War II, they were issued to the German military (officers), including the Luftwaffe, as well as the uniformed Ordnungspolizei and plainclothes detectives of the Kriminalpolizei. The PP and PPK were both popular with European police and civilians for being reliable and concealable. The design inspired other pistols, among them the Soviet Makarov, the Hungarian FEG PA-63, the Polish P-64, the American Accu-Tek AT-380 II, and the Argentinian Bersa Thunder 380. The PPK is still manufactured by Walther, but the PP went out of production in 1999 and have been widely copied. The PP and the PPK were among the world's first successful double action semi-automatic pistols. Since 2018, PPK and PPK/S models have been built at the factory of US-based subsidiary Walther Arms, Inc. In the past, the PPK version was manufactured by Walther in its own factory in Germany, as well as under licenses by Manurhin in France Interarms in Virginia and by Smith & Wesson in Maine. Various PP series are manufactured in Germany, France and the United States. The Walther TPH pocket pistol is a smaller calibre pistol introduced in 1971 identical in handling and operation to the PPK. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, and PPK/E models. It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism, a single-column magazine, and a fixed barrel that also acts as the guide rod for the recoil spring. The Walther PP ( German: Polizeipistole, or police pistol) series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen. Fixed iron sights, rear notch and front blade ![]() ![]() ![]() The rest said somewhere between $400 and $6.1 million. Reportedly, 163 owners have petitioned for reduced property assessments for tax (avoidance) purposes: “In their applications, homeowners had to estimate what their units are worth now. You can see it in person or google streetview or photos online. The dynamic loads of the cars driving around in the 5 floors of garage and the wanderings of the eminent inhabitants is tiny compared to peak ground velocity of a major quake or several major quakes over the hopefully eternal life of such an iconic symbol of the age.īTW, you can see the damage this has done to where the pavement meets the building’s corner by Mission/Fremont. Why is it always the most wealthy that must suffer?Īnd this is all under roughly static conditions. Would be a pity to have to sacrifice some of the parking to cross brace. Wonder if they have triangular bracing in the basement or just right angles because they expected even settlement (no one could have predicted…). Bowing it like an unbalanced and overloaded seesaw. Probably straining the entire concrete substructure. The deeper issue is that by leaning the building is putting additional weight on the low edge or corner, like carving the edge of a snowboard into powder or digging the heel of a crampon into soft ice, or in this case steel reinforced concrete into muck. I wonder if the total lean at the top is about 2 feet. Of course most people don’t have another ten people standing on top of their head as they lean ever so perceptibly. An equivalent of that 2 inches over 60 feet for a 6 foot person would be one-fifth of an inch, not one-fiftieth. That’s about 60 feet of building that is off by 2 inches. The Millennium’s 2 inch lean is measured at the ground. ![]() ![]() I think your estimate of the lean is off by an order of magnitude. This was a defensive action, not an offensive one. The City is not actually seeking “damages” (although the city attorney incorrectly used that term in the cross-complaint) but just reimbursement for any monies the City might have to pay to the condo owners. The claim is for indemnity, meaning that if City is found liable but the developer is responsible in whole or part for any of the damage, they will have to kick in. This is just a routine cross-complaint by the City against the builders to make sure all parties that may have contributed to the problem are brought into the litigation. Today’s suit is a cross-complaint, with the city seeking damages from the developer, “as the court deems appropriate.”Ī large number of condo owners sued the City and other government agencies for “inverse condemnation.” This is a type of “takings” claim where some government action (here, construction that caused the building to sink/tilt) causes you to lose property. Homeowners at 301 Mission Street filed suit against the Transbay Joint Powers Authority and the City and County of San Francisco on August 17. A settlement of six inches, over the lifetime of the tower, was the maximum originally predicted by the project’s geotechnical engineer.Īll that being said, there are no indications that the tower is unsafe and Millennium Partners is pointing the finger directly at the Transbay Joint Powers Authority and adjacent Transbay Transit Center development, which broke ground in 2010, for accelerating and exacerbating the tower’s settlement. The tower has since settled a total of 16 inches with a two-inch tilt. And by early 2009, the tower had settled 8.3 inches and was starting to tilt. The San Francisco City Attorney, Dennis Herrera, has filed suit against Millennium Partners, alleging that the development team knew, and didn’t adequately disclose, that the 58-story Millennium Tower at 301 Mission Street was sinking further and faster than expected prior to opening its sales office.Īccording to an investigation by the City Attorney’s Office, the development team knew that the tower had already settled almost 6 inches by the time it was completed in early 2008. #301 Mission Street, #City Attorney, #Lawsuits, #Millennium Partners, #Millennium Tower, #Transbay District, #Transbay Joint Powers Authority (TJPA), #Transbay Transit Center ![]() ![]() ![]() Your desired coverage and finish are two factors that will determine which concealer is best for you. Do you only need an under-eye concealer, or do you want to enhance the foundation of your routine with a formula that can layer, contour and highlight? Do you want to stay matte or prefer more of a glow? Read the fine print to ensure your concealer will create a look you love. With so many multitasking products on the market, think about what your vanity counter is missing. Things to Consider Before Buying an Under-Eye Concealer Goal Tarte Shape Tape Concealer takes the top prize for its fierce full coverage that's lightweight and lasts all day.Ĭoverage Level: Full | Finish: Matte | Shades: 35 | Size: 0.33 oz. It's definitely not an everyday formula if you're dabbing on some makeup and running out the door, but it's a must-have for glam or any full-face day. It fits more into a full-face makeup routine rather than being a quick on-the-go product. ![]() After applying the product, we were wowed by just how bright our under eyes became. We also loved the product's wide range of shades. The concealer didn't crease or cake after hours on the go. During our tests, it scored a flawless five-star rating for texture, feel, coverage, and staying power. We love the matte formula's smooth finish without shine, and versatility when doing contour. Kyle Richards got ready with the product in a tutorial for Amazon Live, and Shay Mitchell did the same for Vogue Beauty Secrets. This Tarte concealer is a cult favorite within the beauty community. Thick formula, so needs to be thoroughly blended in Read on for the best under-eye concealers PEOPLE tested of 2023. Six hours later, we checked back to see how well each concealer lasted and if there was any creasing. We blended a few dots of the concealers below our eyes, taking notes on each cream's texture, feel, and coverage straight out of the bottle. We swiped on 23 concealers in search of the ones with the best concealing abilities and strongest staying power. Smith says you want to "not only cover, but treat the under-eye." " While that may sound like a good reason to reach for another cup of coffee, caffeine is an ingredient in some under-eye products that treat dark circles and bags. "So hydrating ingredients as well as stuff to help speed up circulation, like caffeine. "The under-eye area is such a thin layer of skin," makeup artist Lex Smith tells PEOPLE. Not only is the jumbo applicator downright fun to apply, but it also works well for concealing in a hurry and covering a larger surface area on the face, whether you’re concealing, highlighting or contouring.You work hard, so your under-eye concealer should, too! With brightening and blurring formulas to disguise imperfections on delicate skin, the right products can take you from tired to wired with just a few taps. First of all, Tarte was arguably the first brand to introduce the now-ubiquitous XL doe foot to the beauty world, spawning a slew of other brands to follow suit with similar packaging. This cult-fave has an impressive following and influencer-approved distinction, thanks to a standout formula and unrivaled staying power compared to other prestige concealers. ![]() While you can purchase as many units of this holy grail concealer as you’d like, its best-selling stardom is still fully intact with an average of one tube purchased every 12 seconds. It’s no wonder Tarte Shape Tape dupes are more popular than ever years later. The launch of Tarte’s iconic Shape Tape Concealer nearly broke the Internet during its initial 2016 drop, prompting ULTA to employ a two-per-person limit to keep it in stock. However, StyleCaster may receive a commission on orders placed through its retail links, and the retailer may receive certain auditable data for accounting purposes. ![]() All products and services featured are independently chosen by editors. ![]() ![]() ![]() Paintings like the Second of May 1808 and the Third of May 1808 depicting the resistance of the Spanish people to the French invasion under Napoleon and his brother Joseph were stunning to see in person. Finally we saw the work of Goya and again the background details of the paintings and the life of the court of Charles IV that Joy provided were invaluable. Such beautiful paintings and such interesting stories to go with them. The third section was the work of Diego Velazquez, friend of Philip IV his patron and the highlights were Las Meninas and The Surrender at Breda. And in contrast to artists of our day who are only rewarded for criticizing their own societies, El Greco ran the real risk of loss of livelihood and even pain and death. Joy explained to us that El Greco's depiction of the Crucifixion and the martyrdom of the saints usually included a Spanish soldier or noble with the clear implication that they too were instruments of cruelty and evil in the world. Interesting that even in that early time a painter like El Greco would dare to insert into his paintings subtle and not-so-subtle criticisms of the society in which he lived, the government of Spain and even the King he served. The work of El Greco is completely different but also very compelling. Absolutely mind-blowing and Joy gave us such an interesting discussion of the painting, the painter and all of Philip II's collection. The highlight for us of the first part was the art of Hieronymus Bosch, particularly The Last Judgement. The tour in four parts: the art collection of Philip II which was mostly created by artists not from Spain but included the greatest artist living in the latter half of the 16th century El Greco Velazquez and finally Goya. The Prado has an almost infinite wealth of great art works but Joy had carefully planned a sampling of the greatest art on the planet. We met at the Prado art museum and Joy had everything arranged so there was no delay getting in. We had a fantastic day with Joy, our guide from Devour Madrid. ![]() ![]() ![]() Visual inspection of the performance times at the London 2012 Summer Olympics ( ) suggested that more than 70 events met our definition of endurance performance. marathons, triathlons, ultra-marathons) are most often associated with endurance, other endurance sports could include rowing, canoeing, cross-country skiing and speed skating. Although single or combined running, cycling and swimming events (e.g. For the purpose of this review, endurance performance is defined as performance during whole-body, dynamic exercise that involves continuous effort and lasts for 75 s or longer (see next paragraph). ![]() Implications for theoretical explanations for endurance performance and evidence-based practice are described.Ī systematic literature review was conducted to identify practical psychological interventions that improve endurance performance and to identify additional psychological factors that affect endurance performance. Future research should include psychological mediating variables and moderating variables. Researchers are also encouraged to explore additional psychological factors that could have a negative effect on endurance performance. Researchers are encouraged to compare different practical psychological interventions, to examine the effects of these interventions for athletes in competition and to include a placebo control condition or an alternative control treatment. Psychological skills training could benefit an endurance athlete. Interventions that influenced perception of effort consistently affected endurance performance. The results also demonstrated that mental fatigue undermines endurance performance, and verbal encouragement and head-to-head competition can have a beneficial effect. ResultsĬonsistent support was found for using imagery, self-talk and goal setting to improve endurance performance, but it is unclear whether learning multiple psychological skills is more beneficial than learning one psychological skill. Peer-reviewed studies were included when they chose an experimental or quasi-experimental research design a psychological manipulation endurance performance as the dependent variable and athletes or physically active, healthy adults as participants. MethodsĮlectronic databases, forward-citation searches and manual searches of reference lists were used to locate relevant studies. Additional objectives were to evaluate the research practices of the included studies, to suggest theoretical and applied implications, and to guide future research. ObjectiveĪ systematic literature review was conducted to identify practical psychological interventions that improve endurance performance and to identify additional psychological factors that affect endurance performance. No literature reviews have systematically identified and evaluated research on the psychological determinants of endurance performance, and sport psychology performance enhancement guidelines for endurance sports are not founded on a systematic appraisal of endurance-specific research. ![]() |
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